Computer System

The operating system is a program that runs on your computer in order to simplify the use of computers for users. The operating system manages the use of peripheral devices such as printers, monitors and keyboards. In addition, the operating system and other programs are the result. To perform these functions, the operating system is that the systematic structure of entries and exits, a file structure, and there is no systematic way in which files are stored in memory. Without an operating system on a computer that is not a large piece of metal and wires.

But now the concept of an operating system based on the natural and obvious acting in a certain period. The first electronic computers were “Hardwired” to carry out systematic calculations. First, the calculation of ballistics table. You wired connection between the components of a computer using a plug-board. If the calculations are completed, the next user will have the cable and ReWire to the next series of calculations. It was a monumentally unwieldy standard today, but a wonderful breakthrough in speed and accuracy in the calculations by hand with pencil and paper.

The first technological breakthrough came with the creation of programs stored inside. In this memory with a memory address. A program was then downloaded the information to a number of memory cells. The information contained in the memory address consists of two parts. One part of the code for the operations that a computer can perform, such as adding numbers. The second part of the memory address in the following sequence. This is a team that once again the contents of memory location to tell him to implement and address in your instructions to proceed to the next step in the calculation. The idea of this program is generally within the country related to the mathematician John von Neumann.

When the computer more and more technically sophisticated users will not have direct access to devices. Instead, it was necessary for the users that they program punced blow card or tape to the technical experts access to a computer. At this stage, the plant fills the room with good size and required air-conditioning at a temperature and humidity.

Computer programs should be implemented in the party, and there are several programs for reading the data and output results. A job should be to the next can be. This effectively organize a reading program in memory and another program running, because computation time on a computer is often much faster than the reading of information for the calculation.

Sometimes the program may be terminated prior to completion of some peripheral devices, such as printing. The designers of the system of programs developed in various programs in a short time, while the first computer program has been discontinued. And, of course, the second program may also be arrested, as expected, a new agenda for other programs when it is completed. The group returned to the programs that previously when they were new. This is called multiprogramming and the operation was the tail, which is an acronym for simutaneous pripheral network.

The next step is to ensure that multiple users share a computer simultaneously. The group will use the user in a short period, then the next task the user. This is called timesharing. It allows the calculation is based on the priorities of the various classifications of jobs.

Over time, the allocation of blame for the possibility of interactivity. With the assistance of the user terminal, the user can be stored over a relatively long waiting time input from the user. The team was so fast that each user can not see that any delay in switching equipment between users of the program.

Time share is a big improvement for users of computers. Under the previous system packet operation, the user must wait days for results of further work. As a result, it can be argued that the program does not work on a program error or error in the data. They often mistake can be corrected in the online session time.

In the late 1960’s, M.I.T. time-sharing operating system called MULTICS, the name indicating that it is a different system users. Ken Thompson worked at Bell Labs in New Jersey, and has been using in the PDP-7 minicomputer. Decided to create an operating system for mini-computers, comfort but not a single visitor. We started this operating system, similar to UNICS MULTICS, but the later spelling of UNIX. At the same time, Dennis Ritchie has been at the core of the programming language “C”, so named because it was based on a programming language developed in the United Kingdom “B” Cooperation between Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie has been very successful in past years. UNIX and C were closely related.

UNIX is an important innovation in the computer. It is difficult, but the team is quite prepared to put up with difficulties in their power to deny them access. UNIX weaknesses are not so important. The concept of user-friendly software, but ten years later. UNIX users are afraid that something can be done, but you need to use Mnemonic commands.

In UNIX, all over the country, and Bell Labs was originally free. Later, Bell Labs, he realized that he and potential commercial UNIX market.

The operating system is a very popular practice, standard operating system for each new line of computers. About this time, the computer was developed.

Gary Kildall of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, Calif., bought one of the first computer and immediately after the establishment of an operating system for this. He called the operating system CP / M for the processor monitor. This was the first operating system for PCs. The story of Gary Kildall and IBM, and Bill Gates and disk operating system (DOS), as stated in another place.

Apple Computer in the PC was developed. One element of this development was the creation of a new operating system with graphical user enters a new peripheral, the mouse. This was the easiest to use for updating the system.

Microsoft rose to fame and power to the disk operating system, one of the most spectacular coups of the twentieth century. However, while the two are not very easy for Microsoft to use Apple began a project to create a road map for the convenience of users of Apple operating system. As a result of Windows. The first versions were not spectacular commercial and technical success, but Microsoft Windows, to as long as it is almost a universal operating system for personal computers. This is partly due to the technical capabilities and user friendliness of Windows, but in practice marketing Microsoft, on every computer with Windows to buy another operating system that is redundant and costly .

There was some competition for Windows. Students in Finland, Linus Thorvald, he developed a version of the UNIX operating system for personal computers. This operating system is Linux Thorvald after the first name. Linus Thorvald, as well as in writing code for the components of Linux itself, an organized community effort between the programmers, the code developed and tested. LINUX is free to the public.

Sun Microsystems in Silicon Valley also has the Solaris operating system that competes with Windows on a computer from professionals, including the use of computer Workstation from Sun Microsystems.

Tags: history, operating system